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Reflections are usually made across the x or y axes. The function being reflected is shown with the broader graph.
Transformed function is x 3 + 1 Transformed function is (x + 1) 2
x axis
1. f(x) = - (x 3 + 1 ) 2. g(x) = - (x + 1) 2
 
y axis
3. f(x) = (- x) 3 + 1 4. g(x) = ( - x + 1) 2
 
Dilations (or geometric transformations) change the size of a figure by multiplying the point values for a function by a constant amount. A fractional constant will "shrink" the graph and an integer constant will "stretch" the figure.
Transformed function is x 2(the broader graph line)
1. f(x) = 0.2 x 2 2. f(x) = 4 x 2
 
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