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 Here are some examples of transformations on algebraic equations representing functions.  The graph of the original function is shown with a broader line than its image under the translation. 
Translations slide the figure vertically or horizontally and do not change its size or shape. 
Transformed function is  x 3                        Transformed function is  x 2 
    1.   f(x)  =  x 3   +  3                                        2.   g(x)  =  x 2  +  4 
                                                 
     3.  f(x)  =  x 3  -  3                                         4.    g(x)  =  x 2  -  4 
                                                  
   5.   f(x)  =  (x  +  3) 3                                    6.   g(x)  =  (x  +  4) 2 
                                                  
   7.   f(x)  =  (x  -  3) 3                                     8.   g(x)  =  (x  -  4) 2 
                                                   
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